Lidocaine is hepatically cleared to two active metabolites MegX and GX, which are both antiarrythmic as well as neurotoxic. Due to these metabolites, CNS side effects are common. These side effects are first manifested as dizziness and slurred speech and can progress to seizures if toxic levels continue. A direct vasodilator (of arteriolar smooth muscle). Used in CHF as the combination drug Bidel with Hydralazine. Bidel has been shown to be a more effective initial therapy than ACE-I in African Americans to both lower BP and increase survival in HF patients.

  1. Amlodipine (brand name Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine).
  2. It is currently the only statin that is available as a generic equivalent and is a good substitution for patients without insurance, or with high copays for brand name products.
  3. By using this evidence-based drug list, your study time will be optimized to the drugs that you are most likely to encounter in clinical practice.
  4. Lisinopril is representative of its class and the most commonly prescribed ACE-I.
  5. Drug of choice if hypertension must be controlled during pregnancy (Pregnancy category B).
  6. Resistance may arise by replacing the terminal D-Ala to Lactate, preventing one of the hydrogen bonds from forming.

Furosemide is not the loop of choice during exacerbations of CHF, due to a more erratic absorption in this state. Indicated in life threatening ventricular tachycardia (though it works well for controlling premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in people without arrythmias). the consequences of combining marijuana with ecstasy fhe health It is extremely proarrythmic due to its negative inotropic effects (which depress myocardial function). Sympathomimetic ionotrope, stimulating both α and β receptors. Unfortunately, the drug is also proarrythmic and increases the HR, both of which are undesirable effects.

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Usually prescribed to alleviate effects produced by adrenergic stimulation such as trembling hands or pounding heart (“flight or fight” manifestations). Hydrophilic so less prone to cause CNS affects. Indicated for Ventricular how long does marijuana stay in your system blood, urine, and hair Tachycardia (V-tach) and is available only orally. It has no hematologic effects, but commonly causes GI distress. Mexelitine is mainly used as a “last ditch” effort once all other possible therapies have failed.

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Other drugs that are CYP2C9 inducers or inhibitors interact with warfarin, as well as foods that contain vitamin K (such as green, leafy vegetables). Patients should be instructed to watch for bleeding/bruising while on warfarin, especially on the torso. Indicated in SVT and ventricular tachycardia (V-tach). Procainamide is pharmacokinetically dosed with a therapeutic range between 4-12mcg/ml.

Drug Pronunciation » ibuprofen (Advil; Motrin)

Bile acid sequesterant (BAS), representative of its class. This is an older generation of cholesterol lowering drugs, which bind up bile salts in the GI tract and cause their excretion, thus blocking the absorption of cholesterol. They are not frequently prescribed and were much more popular before the statins were available. The class as a whole moderately lowers LDL and may have some positive effects on HDL. The main problem with BAS is their propensity to cause GI distress.

This agent was originally isolated from streptomyces and turned out to be effective against 98% of the 31,000 species it was tested against and to inhibit most ß-lactamases. However, it is unstable in both acidic and basic conditions, and thus did not find clinical application. It is effective only against Gram positive bacteria, is acid labile and can be destroyed by ß-lactamases.